Pupil size indexes sympathetic activation in motive contexts current research tests if pupil diameter differs when aversive stimuli are avoidable, escapable, or uncontrollable. Results support hypotheses that pupil diameter reflects action preparation and that differences in trait anxiety do not modulate this aspect of coping behavior in healthy subjects.Īctive avoidance and escape each involve action to cope with aversive exposure, but differ in that avoidance eliminates exposure whereas escape does not. All participants, regardless of reported anxiety, showed increased pupil diameter in coping, relative to uncontrollable, contexts. Pupil diameter was larger when preparing to escape or avoid compared to anticipating uncontrollable exposure. Pupil diameter was measured throughout the cuing interval. ![]() Highly anxious (n=19), moderately anxious (n=23), and less anxious (n=23) participants saw cues that signaled whether a fast button press would terminate, prevent, or not affect subsequent presentation of an aversive picture. Participants could control aversive exposure either by escape (terminating the event) or avoidance (blocking the event entirely), or they had no control. Here, pupil modulation was examined as it varies with locus of control during aversive processing. ![]() Pupil diameter is dynamically modulated by a number of factors, including emotion, motor activity, and attention.
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